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The Oracle PL/SQL packages are automatically created in a new database when you run the script catproc.sql (from the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory) right after the creation of the database. You do need to create some special packages manually, but most of the packages are automatically created when you run the catproc.sql script (see 9). The user SYS owns all these packages, and a user with the DBA role has the privileges to execute any of them. If you sometimes can t execute a PL/SQL package, just add the SYS schema name before the package name (for example, SYS.DBMS_SYSTEM). If other database users need to use these packages, the DBA must grant the necessary SELECT or EXECUTE privileges on the individual packages.

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Once all time values have been determined, we convert them to minutes for comparison with the monitor thresholds.

Almost all the Oracle-supplied PL/SQL packages consist of a set of procedures (and sometimes functions) that together provide the functionality for which the package is designed. At any given time, you re usually executing a procedure or a function that belongs to the PL/SQL package.

For example, the well-known PL/SQL package DBMS_OUTPUT has the procedure PUT_LINE, which you use to see the output of PL/SQL code on your screen In the following discussion of important Oracle packages, first you ll learn the key procedures that make up each package Later on, you ll see how to use the package to perform relevant tasks An easy way to list all the procedures and functions within an Oracle package is to simply use the familiar DESCRIBE command in SQL*Plus For each package, the DESCRIBE command shows the following columns: PROCEDURE/FUNCTION_NAME: This column indicates whether the component is a procedure or a function, and provides you with the component s name ARGUMENT_NAME: This column provides you with the name of each argument in a procedure or function TYPE: This column contains the argument type (Boolean, date, and so forth).

IN/OUT: This column indicates whether the argument is an IN or OUT parameter DEFAULT : This column indicates whether there s a default value for the column If the DEFAULT column is empty, that means that there s no default value for the column If there is a default value, you ll see the word DEFAULT instead In the following sections, you ll see all the important Oracle-supplied PL/SQL packages that are part of Oracle Database 10g You can roughly divide the packages into two types: a set of general database management utilities and a set of specialized packages for implementing certain features of the Oracle database The first part of the discussion deals with the general PL/SQL packages, and the second section reviews the features of the specialized packages These specialized packages are used extensively in various chapters in this book, as noted in the relevant sections.

Some important Database Management System (DBMS) packages such as DBMS_SQL aren t covered here, because this chapter s focus is on the most useful packages for DBAs, not for developers To save space, I may not list all the procedures and functions in every package when I describe it You can either describe the package in SQL*Plus to view all its components, or you can look it up in the Oracle manual titled PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference..

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curr_cpu_time=\ `echo "$proc_time_day*1440+$proc_time_hr*60+$proc_time_min"\ | bc` test $debug -gt 0 && echo "Current cpu time for \ $process pid $pid is $curr_cpu_time minutes"

In Oracle Database 10g, you can copy files directly between databases over Oracle Net, without using either OS commands or utilities such as the FTP protocol. You can use the DBMS_FILE_ TRANSFER package to copy binary files within the same server or to transfer a binary file between servers. You use the COPY_FILE procedure to copy files on the local system and the PUT_FILE procedure to read and copy a local file to a remote file system. Here s a brief explanation of the key procedures of this new package.

The COPY_FILE procedure enables you to copy binary files from one location to another on the same or different servers. Before you can copy the files, you must first create the source and destination directory objects, as follows: SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY source_dir as '/u01/app/oracle/source'; SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY dest_dir as '/u01/app/oracle/dest'; Once you create your source and destination directories, you can use the COPY_FILE procedure to copy files, as shown here:

SQL> BEGIN DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.COPY_FILE( source_directory_object => source_file_name => destination_directory_object => destination_file_name => END; / SQL>

'SOURCE_DIR', 'test01.dbf', 'DEST_DIR', 'test01_copy.dbf');

If the current cputime value is between the warning and error thresholds, we call the notify() function with the appropriate switches. It will handle output and process termination, as described earlier.